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(Table 13, Table 14, Table 15; Charts H and I)
8.1 The interviewer puts a series of questions about travel to work to all those randomly-chosen adults whose current situation was described as "self-employed", "employed full-time" or "employed part-time". Therefore, the results described in this section do not apply in the case of any travel to work by people whose current situation was described in some other way. (For example, these questions were not asked of people who were described as "in full-time education", some of whom may, in fact, have part-time jobs.)
8.2 Table 13 and Chart H show that, overall, about one employed adult in every thirteen (7.5%) worked from home in 1999 - but almost 45% of people who were self-employed worked from home. Someone who "works from home" is identified when the interviewer asks for the location of his/her place of work. The term therefore covers both those who work at home and those who work from home (e.g. a plumber whose base is at home, and who each day goes to wherever his services are required).
8.3 Usual means of travel to work: those who do not work from (or at) home
8.3.1 The remaining tables in this section relate to employed adults who do not work from (or at) home. The interviewer asks the person about his/her usual means of travel to work. Table 14 shows that, in 1999, 67% of these employed adults said that they usually travelled to work by car or van (55% as the driver and 12% as a passenger), 14% walked to work, 12% went by bus, 3% took a train (including the Glasgow Underground), 2% cycled and 3% used other modes of transport (such as a motorcycle or a taxi). The percentage who drove to work was higher for men (61%) than women (49%); a greater percentage of women than men walked (18% against 10%) or went by bus (15% against 9%).
8.3.2 A car or van was the usual means of travel to work of the majority for almost every age-group: the only apparent exception was for people aged 16-19, where the underlying sample numbers are small. Over 70% of the self-employed, and of those employed full-time, travelled by car or van, but only 56% of those employed part-time did so (almost a quarter of those employed part-time walked to work, and 15% took a bus).
8.3.3 Table 14 and Chart I also show how the means of travel to work varied with the social class of the person (this is based on his/her occupation, and so may differ from that of the Highest Income Householder). Again, a car or van was used by the majority in every social class apart from the "unskilled occupations" group. Around 70% or more of people in professional, managerial and technical, and skilled manual occupations travelled to work by car or van, as did roughly three-fifths of skilled non-manual and partly-skilled workers. However, only 40% of unskilled workers usually travelled to work by car or van (35% walked and 21% went by bus). A related pattern is seen when the figures are analysed by the annual net income (of the household rather than the person): the proportion who walked to work was highest (around a quarter) for those from households with an annual net income of up to £10,000, and tended to fall as income rose. The percentage who went to work by bus tended to fall, and the percentage who travelled by car or van tended to increase, as income rose.
8.3.4 There are also differences between types of area. Four-fifths of workers who lived in MOSAIC "high income" areas usually travelled by car, compared with just under half of those from "families in council flats" and "singles and flats" areas. About three-quarters of workers in SHS-classified "rural" areas usually travelled by car, compared with under three-fifths of those living in the four city settlements. Over a quarter of workers in small "remote" towns usually walked to work, and just under a fifth of those in the four city settlements took the bus. Over a quarter of workers from MOSAIC "families in council flats" areas, and over a fifth of those in "renting singles" areas, went by bus.
8.3.5 The interviewer asks why the person uses his or her usual means of transport to work. Table 15 summarises the reasons given by those who had said that they travelled by car or van, those who walked, and those who went by bus. (The reasons for using other modes of transport are not analysed, because the information is available for far fewer people.) 70% of those who travelled by car or van said that they did so because it was the most convenient form of transport, 29% that it was the quickest method, 19% considered public transport unsuitable and 15% said that they needed a car at work. In contrast, two-thirds of those who walked to work did so because it was nearby, a third felt it the most convenient method, just under a fifth referred to exercise and fresh air, and about 16% walked because it was the quickest method. The main reasons given by those who commuted by bus were that it was the most convenient method (63%), it was the only method available (20%), it was too far to walk (19%), they had no car or other transport (19%) and that it was the quickest method (18%).
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